7．Do you know whether sound travels faster than light?

8．I don't know how old he is.

9．What he was talking about was interesting.

10．Do you know what's on TV tonight?

11．Please tell me where you live.

12．I wonder why dinosaurs became extinct.

13．What she said wasn't true.

14．What he told you is true.

15．Why they refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.

16．Do you know when they are coming?

17．I can't remember how much it costs.

18．Let's ask him which book he wants.

19．I don't know who is coming to the party.

20．I don't know who are those people.

21．Do you know whose pen this is?

22．Why they left the country is a secret.

23．Where she went is none of your business.

24．What happened on the morning of September will be forever etched in our memories?

25．I don't remember how many letters there are in the English alphabet.

26．I need to find out how old a person has to be to get a driver's license.

27．The little boy wants to know whether animals have the same emotions as human beings

28．The little boy wants to know why the water of the sea is salty.



Exercise 2.2

1．It is a fact that the word is round.

2．It is true that smoking can cause cancer.

3．It is true that English is becoming an international language.

4．It was strange that Clint failed his English exam.

5．It is a consolation that they are still alive.

6．It is a serious matter that he has been late for work over and over again.



综合练习

1．B。这是how引导的宾语从句，其中how在从句中充当方式状语，修饰began。

2．D。这是“It is＋形容词＋that”固定的主语从句句型。

3．C。这是“It is＋名词＋that”固定的主语从句句型。D不正确，因为有冠词a，但没有名词。

4．C。这是“It is＋过去分词＋that”固定的主语从句句型。

5．B。这是what引导的主语从句，what需要充当成分。这里what充当从句的主语。

6．A。这是what引导的表语从句，其中what充当从句谓语solve的宾语。连词that不充当成分，故B错误。

7．B。这是主语从句的固定句型“It＋be动词＋过去分词＋that从句”。

8．D。这是what引导的宾语从句，what作表语。

9．B。这是what引导的宾语从句，其中what作do的宾语。A错误，是因为that和what是两个连词，但后边只有一个从句。

10．B。这是what引导的宾语从句，其中what作says的宾语。

11．A。这是that引导的宾语从句，that不充当任何成分。

12．B。这是when引导的宾语从句，其中when修饰return。A错，是因为两个连词，但只有一个从句。C错，是因为if or not一般不连用，可以说whether or not。

13．C。这是what引导的表语从句，其中what在从句中充当主语。

14．B。这里是what引导的主语从句：What can be dangerous。其中，what在从句中充当主语。

15．B。这是关于what引导的宾语从句，其中what充当know的宾语。

16．B。这里含有两个名词从句。一个是what引导的主语从句，其中what充当从句谓语tell的宾语；另一个是that引导的表语从句，that不充当任何成分。

17．B。这是what引导的主语从句，其中what充当从句谓语adopt的宾语。

18．A。这是what引导的表语从句。这里what用法较特殊，其后接有名词measure，what measure充当从句谓语adopt的宾语。

19．B。这是where引导的表语从句，表示地点。

20．C。在reason后边的表语从句一般不用because，而用that。故C正确，而D不正确。这与汉语思维有差异，请读者注意比较。

21．D。这是从句的嵌套结构。首先是how引导一个表语从句，然后在how从句中，嵌套一个what引导的主语从句。其中what充当从句谓语learn的宾语。

22．A。这是that引导的同位语从句，补充说明先行词signs。

23．C。这是“It is＋过去分词＋that”固定的主语从句句型。

24．B。这是“It is＋过去分词＋that”固定的主语从句句型。

25．B。这是that引导的同位语从句，补充说明先行词news。

26．what。这里what引导的是表语从句，且what在从句中充当主语。

27．whether。这里whether引导的是主语从句，被放在了句末。

28．why。这里why引导的是主语从句，被放在了句末。

29．that。这里that引导的是表语从句。因为前面有reason，后边不能用because。

30．that。这里that引导的是同位语从句，补充说明conclusion。

31．what。这里what引导的是同位语从句，补充说明idea，且what在从句中充当主语。

32．that。这里that引导的是同位语从句，补充说明idea。

33．that，what，what。这里that引导的是一个定语从句，且在从句中作主语。这里两个what引导的都是表语从句，并且what在从句中充当主语。

34．what，what，what。这里三个都是what引导的表语从句，并且what在从句中充当主语。

35．B，改为that。这里that引导的是同位语从句，补充说明proof。

精品译文：要说植物所需要的食物与动物的不同，有证据表明这一点吗？

36．A，改为what。这里what引导的是主语从句，且what在从句中充当doing的宾语。

精品译文：如果一个人他所热衷从事的工作却被社会认为是毫无价值或毫无意义的，那么他就不可能真正快乐。

37．C，改为that。这里that引导的是同位语从句，补充说明fact。

精品译文：越来越多的人已经意识到这样的事实：心脏病与人们的生活方式有关系。

第三章　定语从句

Exercise 3.1

Passage 1

这里定语从句包括：

1．I like guys who aren't too serious and who have a good sense of humor.

这里有两个定语从句：who aren't too serious和who have a good sense of humor，都是修饰同一个先行词guys，关系词是who。

2．I'd prefer someone who I have something in common with—who I can talk to easily.

这里有两个定语从句：who I have something in common with和who I can talk to easily，都是修饰同一个先行词someone，关系词是who。

Passage 2

这里定语从句包括：

1．I'm talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living.

这里有三个定语从句：who care deeply about each other，who support each other和who make life worth living，都是修饰同一个先行词friends，关系词是who。

2．I'm talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.

这里定语从句who you can share almost everything with修饰先行词friends，关系词是who。

精品译文：友谊是很难处理的，有时还会带来麻烦。事实上，我想说的是，友谊与爱情甚至婚姻一样难以处理。当然了，我这里所说的友谊不是那种“来得快去得也快”泛泛之交，而是那种彼此之间能真正互相关心的朋友，能够互相支持的朋友，能够让你的人生更有意义的朋友，是那种你和他们几乎可以分享一切的朋友。

Passage 3

这里定语从句包括：

1．And yet when anyone of us has seen that which to him is beautiful

这里定语从句which to him is beautiful修饰先行词that，关系词是which。

2．he has known an emotion which is in every case the same in kind.

这里定语从句which is in every case the same in kind修饰先行词emotion，关系词是which。

3．these are the drops of rain that keep the human spirit from death by draught.

这里定语从句that keep the human spirit from death by draught修饰先行词the drops of rain，关系词是that。

4．They are a stealing and silent refreshment that we perhaps do not think about but which goes on all the time.

这里有两个定语从句：that we perhaps do not think about和which goes on all the time，都是修饰同一个先行词stealing and silent refreshment，关系词分别是that和which。

精品译文：审美标准，因人而异。但一旦美在眼前出现，我们对美的感受却并无二致。扬帆的航船，绽放的鲜花，夜晚的小镇，优美的诗行，婆娑的树影，孩童的烂漫，满天的繁星，春天的果树——这些使我们潜生美感的万千景象，仿佛雨露般滋润着我们干涸的心田。它们悄然而来，在我们不经意中荡涤尘寰，绵延不断。美是大地的笑容，人人得以享受，只要我们用眼去捕捉，用心去感受。



Exercise 3.2

1．可以与f搭配，从而构成这样句子：It would be fun to go out with a person who is a really good conversationalist.

精品译文：与善于交谈的人出去约会，应该是非常有趣的事情。

2．可以与a搭配，从而构成这样句子：For me, the ideal spouse is someone who doesn't mind doing housework.

精品译文：对我来说，理想的伴侣应该是不介意做家务的人。

可以与c搭配，从而构成这样句子：For me, the ideal spouse is someone that I can trust completely.

精品译文：对我来说，理想的伴侣应该是我能够完全信任的人。

可以与f搭配，从而构成这样句子：For me, the ideal spouse is someone who is a really good conversationalist.

精品译文：对我来说，理想的伴侣应该是真正善于交流的人。

3．可以与c搭配，从而构成这样句子：I'd really like to find a friend that I can trust completely.

精品译文：我真想找到一个我能够完全信任的朋友。

4．可以与e搭配，从而构成这样句子：I hope I never have a boss I can't talk to about my problems.

精品译文：我希望我不要有一个无法和他谈论我的问题的老板。

5．可以与b搭配，从而构成这样句子：I don't want to be friends with anyone I have nothing in common with.

精品译文：我不想同那些与我没有任何共同点的人做朋友。

可以与e搭配，从而构成这样句子：I don't want to be friends with anyone I can't talk to about my problems.

精品译文：我不想同那些无法和他谈论我的问题的人做朋友。

6．可以与d搭配，从而构成这样句子：The perfect English teacher is someone that doesn't criticize me all the time.

精品译文：一个真正好的英语老师是不会总是批评我的。

7．错误。应改为He is the man who is teaching us English。

8．错误。应改为I'd really like to find a friend that I can trust completely。

9．错误。应改为I'd really like to find a friend I can share almost everything with。

10．关系词作从句的主语：I like people who always keep their promise.

关系词作从句的动词宾语：I like people who I can trust.

关系词作从句的介词宾语：I like people who I can have fun with.

11．关系词作从句的主语：I don't like teachers who do not have sense of responsibility.

关系词作从句的动词宾语：I don't like teachers who I can't understand well in class.

关系词作从句的介词宾语：I don't like teachers who I can't talk to about my problems.

12．关系词作从句的主语：A good friend is a person who is always there to support you.

关系词作从句的动词宾语：A good friend is a person who you can have by your side supporting you while you are in trouble.

关系词作从句的介词宾语：A good friend is a person who you can share almost everything with.

13．关系词作从句的主语：I have a good friend who is always ready to help me when I am in trouble.

关系词作从句的动词宾语：I have a good friend who I can trust completely.

关系词作从句的介词宾语：I have a good friend who I can always rely on.



Exercise 3.3

1．The girl who won the race is happy.

2．The student who sits next to me is from America.

3．The boy who fell from a tree was not badly hurt.

4．The taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly.

5．I can't remember the name of the person to whom I gave the money.

6．The employees who had reached the age of sixty-five had to retire.

7．The teacher spoke to the boys whose work was below standard.

8．The people whose houses I rented were friendly.

9．He is the professor whose grammar course I am taking.

10．That is the man whose son died in that air crash.

11．The man whose car was stolen called the police.

12．The man whose picture is in the newspaper is famous.

13．I have a neighbor whose dog barks all day long.

14．The girl whose camera I borrowed is a good friend of mine.

15．The church where we were married was built in 1400.

16．She told me her address, which I wrote down on a piece of paper.

17．We are studying sentences which contain adjective clauses.

18．The exhibition which my friend took me to see was not very interesting.

19．John isn't home yet, which worried me.

20．Jack was fired from his job, which surprised all of his co-workers.

21．My roommate always plays music at the dorm, which really gets on my nerves.

22．错误。应改为：I enjoy the music that we are listening to.

23．错误。应改为：The people who live next to me are friendly.

24．错误。应改为：He is the man who taught me English.

25．错误。应改为：I gave the book to him that he needed.

26．错误。应改为：The airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip to Europe.

27．错误。应改为：The man who told me the news refused to give me his name.

28．错误。应改为：The book which I bought at the bookstore was very useful.

29．错误。应改为：The woman that I met yesterday was nice.

30．错误。应改为：I met a woman whose husband is a famous lawyer.

31．错误。应改为：Let ABC be a triangle whose sides are of unequal length.

32．错误。应改为：Do you know the people who live in that house?

33．错误。应改为：The people who I met at the party last night were interesting.

34．错误。应改为：He dropped in on an old friend that day when he visited his club.

35．错误。应改为：The day, which began brightly, ended with a violent storm.

36．The girl who answered the phone was polite.这里who作主语，因而不可以省去。

37．I didn't know any of the people (who) Bill invited to his party.这里who作宾语，因而可以省去。

38．The woman (who) I saw in the park was feeding the pigeons.这里who作宾语，因而可以省去。

39．I like the barber who usually cuts my hair.这里who作主语，因而不可以省去。

40．The person (who) I admire most is my father.这里who作宾语，因而可以省去。

41．The people (who) I met at the party last night were very nice.这里who作宾语，因而可以省去。

42．The people (who) live next to me have three cars.这里who作主语，因而不可以省去。

43．The soup (which) I had for lunch was too salty.这里which作宾语，因而可以省去。

44．The pill (which) I took made me sleepy.这里which作宾语，因而可以省去。

45．My daughter asked me a question (which) I couldn't answer.这里which作宾语，因而可以省去。

46．The man (who) my sister goes out with is tall, dark and handsome.这里who作宾语，因而可以省去。

47．I couldn't understand the woman (who) I talked to on the phone.这里who作宾语，因而可以省去。



Exercise 3.4

1．Monday is the day when we will come.

2．He arrived in Shanghai on the day when I left.

3．July is the month when the weather is usually the hottest.

4．April Fool's Day is that special day of the year when you should play a joke on someone!

5．March 10, 1876 was the day when the first complete sentence was sent over a telephone.

6．The city where we spent our vacation was beautiful.

7．That is the restaurant where I will meet you.

8．The town where I grew up is small.

9．This is the house where they put their tools.

10．when

11．which

12．which

13．which

14．when

15．where

16．which

17．which

18．where

19．which

20．where

21．which



Exercise 3.5

1．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：Seoul, which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics, is well known for its shopping.

2．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。

3．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：There are many temples and shrines in Kyoto, which used to be the capital of Japan.

4．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：Kyoto, which was the country's capital from 794 until 1868, has around 2,000 temples and shrines.

5．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：Brasilia, which is the capital of Brazil, is less than 50 years old.

6．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。

7．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：Bangkok, which is the capital of Thailand, has many beautiful temples.

8．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：Mexico City, which has a population of around 20,000,000, is the largest urban area in the Americas.

9．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：Salvador, which lies in the northeast, was the country's busiest port from 1500 to 1815.

10．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。

11．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。

12．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。

13．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：The teacher, who comes from Canada, teaches us English.

14．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。

15．限制性或非限制性均可

I saw him stand under the apple tree which was behind the house.用限制性定语从句表明屋子周围有多棵树。

I saw him stand under the apple tree, which was behind the house.用非限制性定语从句表明屋子周围只有一棵树。

16．限制性或非限制性均可

The teacher thanked the students who had given her some flowers.用限制性定语从句表明老师对部分学生表示感谢。

The teacher thanked the students, who had given her some flowers.用非限制性定语从句表示补充，说明感谢的原因。

17．限制性或非限制性均可

He has a daughter who works in a hospital.用限制性定语从句表明他有多个女儿。

He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.用非限制性定语从句表明他只有一个女儿。

18．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：An elephant, which is the earth's largest land mammal, has few natural enemies other than human beings.

19．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。

20．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。

21．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：Rice, which is grown in many countries, is a staple food throughout much of the world.

22．限制性或非限制性均可

Jane was delighted when she opened the present which was from her ex-boyfriend.用限制性定语从句表明Jane收到了多份礼物。

Jane was delighted when she opened the present, which was from her ex-boyfriend.用非限制性定语从句表明Jane只收到了一份礼物。

23．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。

24．应该添加逗号，改为非限制性定语从句：Linda Watson, who earned a cumulative grade point average of 3.7, was graduated with highest honors.

25．不需要添加逗号，保留限制性定语从句。



Exercise 3.6

1．这是定语从句。关系词that充当offered宾语，因而可以把that省去，或改为which。

2．这是同位语从句。连词that后边是一个完整的陈述句，因而that在从句中不充当任何成分，不能把that省去，也不能改为which。