MBA入学英语阅读100篇精粹-参考译文及答案与详解(22-1)
网络资源 半岛在线注册/2009-01-16
Passage Two
Gene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we
could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science.
But there will be others as well. Here is one of the
remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic
research that could make their way into mainstream medicine
in the coming years.
While its true that just about every cell in the body
has the instructions to make a complete human,most of those
instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the
last thing you want is for your brain cells to start
churning ont stomach acid or your nose to turn into a
kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to
turn into an} and all body parts is very early in a
pregnancy, when so-called stem cells havent begun to
specialize.
Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon
to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy
ceils----brain cells Jn Alzheimers, cardiac cells in
heart disease, pancreatic cells iii diabetes, to name a
few. If doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their
growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy
replacement tissue.
It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists
at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem
cells and gct them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and
bone cells. The process still cant be controlled, and may
have unforeseen limilations. But if efforts to understand
and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors
will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power.
The same applies to ch)ning, which is really just the
other side of the coin. True cloning, as first shown with
the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed
cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its
developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that
happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-
fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent.
For agriculture, in which purely physical
characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in
a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies
could become routine within a few years. This past year
scientists have done for mice and cows what lan Wilmut did
for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned
menagerie in the coming year.
Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically
feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still,
one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to
a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly
the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the
potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and
thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a
true "miracle cure."
1. The author believes that
[A] there will inevitably be human cloning in the coming
year
[B] the potential to make healthy body tissues is
undoubtedly a boon to human beings
[C] it is illegal to clone any kind of creatures in the
world
[D] it is legal to clone any kind of creatures in the
world except human
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according
to this passage?
[A] Nearly every cell in the human brain has the
instructions to make a complete human.
[B] It is impossible for a cell in your nose to turn into
a kidney.
[C] It is possible to turn out healthy replacement
tissues with isolated stem cells.
[D] There will certainly appear some new kind of cloned
animal in the near future.
3. All the following are steps involved in true cloning
EXCEPT
[A] selecting a stem cell
[B] taking a developed cell
[C] reactivating the genome within the developed cell
[D] resetting the developmental instructions in the cell
to its original state
4. The proper title for this passage should be
[A] Tomorrows Tissue Factory [B] A Terrific Boon to
Medicine
[C] Human Cloning [ D] Genetic Research
[参考译文及重点词汇再现]
我们能够从不断掌握(mastery)的遗传科学(genetic science.)知识中获得利益的两种方式就是基因治疗(genetherapy)和基因药物(gene-based drug)。但是,也会出现其他方式。这里所说的是遗传研究方面的典型疗法之一,未来几年,这些疗法会发展成为主流(mainstream)医学。
人体内的几乎每个细胞(cell)都带有发育成一个完整人体的指令(instructi。n),这一点毫无疑问,但是大多数指令没有活性(inactivate),这有正当的理由:你最不希望的事情就是你的脑细胞分泌(,hum)出胃酸,或是你的鼻子发育成为肾(kidney)。细胞真正可能发育成身体的任何或所有器官的唯一时刻就是怀孕(pregnancy)的早期,那时,所谓的主干细胞还没有开始分化(specialize)。
然而,这种未被利用的潜能(potential)对医学来说可能是一个极大的恩惠(boon)。大多数疾病与健康细胞的死亡有关——早老性痴呆症中的脑细胞、心脏病中的心脏(cardiac)细胞、糖尿病(diabete)中的胰腺(pancreatic)细胞等等,仅列举这些。如果医生能分离(isolate)出主干(stem)细胞,指导这些细胞发育,那么他们就可能为病人提供(furnish)健康的移置(replacement)器官(tissue)。
这样做的难度非常大,但是去年秋天,威斯康星州大学的科学家设法分离出了主干细胞,并使这些细胞发育成神经(neural)细胞、内脏(gut)细胞、肌肉(muscle)细胞和骨胳(bone)细胞。科学家还不能控制这一过程,该过程可能有不可预见(unforeseen)的局限性(1imitation)。但是,如果证实科学家了解并控制主干细胞的发育成就是成功的,那么医生将会掌握一种威力无比的治疗(therapeutic)方法(too1)。
这同样适用于克隆(clone)——实际上,克隆正好与之相反。就像两年前克隆羊“多利”首次展示的那样,真正的克隆涉及到这些方面:摄取一个发育了的细胞、重新激活(reactivate)细胞里面的基因组(genome)、重新设置其发育(developmental)指令使其恢复到原始(pristine)状态。一旦这些事情发生了,恢复活力(rejuvenate)的细胞就会发育成一个真正(full-fledged)的动物,该动物在基因上同其父(母)丝毫不差。
对农业(agriculture)来说,像奶牛产奶或肉猪产低脂肪肉这些纯(pure)自然(Physical)的属性(characteristic)有真正的商业价值,几年内,动物克隆(biological carboncopiqs)就会成为司空见惯(routine)的事情。去年,科学家克隆出了老鼠和奶牛,就像伊恩·威尔马特克隆“多利”一样,明年,一些其他的动物也将被克隆出来。
另—方面,克隆人可能在技术上可行(feasible),但在法律和情感(emotionally)上却难以接受。不过,总有一天会克隆出人的。把身体细胞重新调整到原始的(pristine)、未发育(undeveloped)状态的能力可能为医生带来好处(undeveloped),就像他们从主司:细胞获得的好处一样:有可能培育(potential)出各种各样健康的人体器官,从而利用这些器官治病。这会被证明是真正的“神奇(nliracle)疗法(cure)”。
(以上由曹其军老师供稿)
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