MBA专业术语汇总(D)
网络资源 半岛在线注册/2009-01-16
D
Deadweight loss 无谓损失
The reduction in total surplus that results from a tax
Demand curve 需求曲线
A graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded
Demand deposits 活期存款
Balances in bank accounts that depositors can access on demand by writing a check
Demand schedule 需求表
A table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded
Depreciation 贬值
A decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy
Depression 萧条
A severe recession
Diminishing marginal product 边际产量递减
The property whereby the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases
The property that the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases
Diminishing returns 收益递减
The property that the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases
Discount rate 贴现率
The interest rate on the loans that the Fed makes to banks
Discouraged workers 丧失信心的工人
Individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for a job
Discrimination 歧视
The offering of different opportunities to similar individuals who differ only by race, ethnic group, sex, age, or other personal characteristics
Diseconomies of scale 规模不经济
The property that long-run average total cost rises as the quantity of output increases
Dominant strategy 优势战略
A strategy that is best for a player in a game regardless of the strategies chosen by the other players
debt 债务
capital, such as bonds and bank loans, supplied to a firm by lenders; the firm promises to repay the amount borrowed with interest
decentralization 分权化
organizational structure in which many individuals or subunits can make decisions
decision tree 决策树
a device for structured decision making that spells out the choices and possible consequences of alternative actions
deficit spending 赤字支出
the situation that exists when government expenditures are greater than revenues
deflation 通货紧缩
a persistent decrease in the general level of prices
demand-constrained equilibrium 受需求约束的平衡
the equilibrium that occurs when prices are stuck at a level above that at which aggregate demand equals aggregate supply at the current price level
demand-pull inflation 需求拉动型通货膨胀
inflation whose initial cause is aggregate demand exceeding aggregate supply at the current price level
demographic effects 人口效应
effects that arise from changes in characteristics of the population such as age, birthrates, and location
deregulation 放松管制
the lifting of government regulations to allow the market to function more freely
devaluation 贬值
a reduction in the rate of exchange between one currency and other currencies under a fixed exchange rate system
developed countries 发达国家或工业化国家
the wealthiest nations in the world, including Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand
diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减
the principle that says that as an individual consumes more and more of a good, each successive unit increases her utility, or enjoyment, less and less
dividends 股息
that portion of corporate profits paid out to shareholders
downward rigidity of wages 工资下降刚性
the situation that exists when wages do not fall quickly in response to a shift in the demand or supply curve for labor, resulting in an excess supply of labor
dual economy 二元经济
the separation in many LDCs between an impoverished rural sector and an urban sector that has higher wages and more advanced technology
duopoly 双头垄断
an industry with only two firms
durable goods 耐用品
goods that provide a service over a number of years, such as cars, major appliances, and furniture
dynamic consistency 动态一致性
a policy is said to have dynamic consistency when government announces a course of action and then has the incentives to actually carry out that policy