35、Dickens, 《A Tale of Two Cities》.”There were,of course,rich people and poor”
36、Thackeray::A Novel Without a Hero名利场.The title was taken from Bunyan’s “Pilgrim’s Progress”
37、Jane Austen:She herself compared her work to a fine engraving made upon a little piece of ivory only two inches square.The comparison is true.The ivory surface is small enough,but the woman who made drawings of human life on it is a real artist. pride and prejudice奥斯汀,<傲慢与偏见>
38、Charlotte Bronte:夏洛蒂勃朗特,Emily Bronte,
39、Mrs.Gaskell:
40、George Eliot:,,.Eliot wrote her novels with the aim of propagating her moral views.”Adam Bede”is a novel of moral conflicts,showing the contest of personal desires,passion,temperament,human weaknesses and the claims of moral duty.
41、The English realists of the 19th century made a panoramic picture of the bourgeois society.They gave a biting exposure of the greed,hypocrisy and sordidness of the bourgeoisie.They also described the sufferings of the common people under capitalism.Their depth of interpretation and description pushed the art of novel-writing to new heights,hitherto not attained by the 18th century novelists in terms of morality and ethics,and put forward reform and reconciliation as the way to solve acute class contradictions.their great contribution for world literature lies chiefly in their exposure and criticism of the bourgeoisie and in their sympathetic description of the small,common people of the lower classes.Marx thus praised the English critical realists of the 19th century.19世纪批判现实主义
42、Thomas Carlyle’s mission was to establish a new principle in literary criticism.He maintains that it is the critic’s chief task to get into sympathy with his author,to understand,appreciate and interpret his aims and intentions,but not to impose on him purposes which lie outside his plan.
43、Matthew Arnold:精英文化代表人物,无政府主义.”Barbarians,Philistines and Populace”三种人,贵族,中产和低层
44、It now seldom touched on the serious social problems,but mainly concerned itself with the poet’s purely personal or spiritual questionings----such “luxury problems”as shades of religious belief,the conflict between faith and science,or a study of the Italian Renaissance from a pureloy acsthetic view.So the Victorian Age witnessed”the at least temporary decline of English poetry”.It was “an age which gave us little or no great poetry,although it has left us more than enough of skilful verse”.
Tennyson,the most important poet of the Victorian Age.
45、Browning’s principal achievement lies in his introducing to English poetry a new form,the dramatic monologue.戏剧独白.
46、Naturalism:George Gissing自然主义,乔治?吉辛.
47、Neo-Romanticism: Stevenson.Dissatisfied with the drab and ugly social reality and yet trying to avoid the positive solution of the acute social contradictions.史蒂文森,新浪漫主义,对社会不满.
48、Aestheticism:唯美主义代表人物Walter Pater .
Oscar Wilde,,his 4 comedies(,1893;,1894;《An Ideal Husband》;,1895.现想主义,为艺术而艺术.
49、Joseph Conrad,he could write it with eloquence and even with masterly economy.,
50、Henry James,forerunner of the “stream of consciousness”literature,was born in New York and educated in America.意识流先驱.
51、Thomas Hardy:哈德,批判现实主义代表人物,<无名的裘德>
52、George Bernard Shaw戏剧家
53、W.B.Yeats:,叶芝,<当你老了>.
54、Eliot:艾略特<荒原>.
55、Lawrence:劳伦斯<恋母情结>.查泰莱夫人的情人
56、James Joyce:尤利西斯
57、Virginia Woolf:意识流