1. 如果经济衰退的话，富人可能会 _____。

[A] 无论发生任何变化都持无所谓的态度

[B] 减少在奢侈品上的支出，但减少的幅度比普通人要小

[C] 倾向于增强他们的购买力

[D] 在消费上没有改变

答案：D　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：细节题。文章第一段提到，当日子变得紧巴巴时，拥有大笔可支配收入的人倾向于继续花钱。从文章的多处也可以看到，富人们在经济萧条时并不会减少自己的消费，仍然购买奢侈品。选项B显然是错误的，而选项D符合题意。选项A是错误的，因为文章没有具体说明富人们的态度。选项C也是一个干扰选项，人们的购买力不是通过买更多的东西就可以增强的，而是取决于各种因素，而文章并没有提及这些因素。

2. The word “lucrative” (Line 2, Paragraph 2) most probably means _____.

[A] profitable

[B] mature

[C] reasonable

[D] intuitive

2. lucrative这个词（第二段第二行）最可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 可赚钱的

[B] 成熟的

[C] 合理的

[D] 直觉的

答案：A　难度系数：☆

分析：猜词题。根据上下文：The index is a new creation, but back-testing shows that building a portfolio from its component stocks would have been a far more lucrative long-term strategy than mimicking the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index. 即：这个指数是个新发明，但后来的实验表明，用该指数的成分证券建立证券组合是个长期策略，远比模仿标准普尔500指数更为有利，也就是说，将100美元投资于Living Large要比投资于标准普尔获得的回报更多，能赚更多的钱，因此，选项A最为符合题意。

3. Towards the prospect of the Living Large Index, Charles L. Norton's attitude can be said to be _____.

[A] positive

[B] negative

[C] indifferent

[D] unclear

3. 对于Living Large指数，Charles L. Norton的态度可以说是 _____。

[A] 肯定的

[B] 否定的

[C] 无所谓的

[D] 不清楚的

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆

分析：推理题。第二段提到了Charles L. Norton称这样的指数在理论上有一定的意义，而且前面提到投资顾问都为该指数的基本原理打了高分，而可以看出Charles的观点是一个辅证。因此，Charles对该指数持肯定态度，正确答案为A。

4. Which one of the following is NOT true of John Buckingham?

[A] He did not suggest people to buy Living Large stocks recently.

[B] He thought the Living Large Index could not be immune from the weak economic condition.

[C] He thought would-be affluent would reduce their expenditure on luxury when times are tough.

[D] He thought it was dangerous to buy Living Large stocks if economy continues to deteriorate.

4. 关于John Buckingham，下列哪个陈述是错误的？

[A] 他建议人们最近不要购买Living Large的股票。

[B] 他认为Living Large指数不能逃避经济衰退状况的影响。

[C] 他认为未来的富有者在经济衰退时会减少在奢侈品上的消费。

[D] 他认为如果经济持续恶化的话，购买Living Large的股票是危险的。

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。第四段中提到了John Buckingham的观点。A，第四段开头就提到，他最近推荐了Nordstrom和Callaway Golf的股票。B，他提到如果经济不景气了，一些未来才能富有的人就会减少在奢侈品上的消费，该指数就会受到影响。C，这点第四段提到了。D，第四段也提到了他认为如果经济疲软的状况不变，那么靠这些股票来保值是有风险的。因此，选项A的陈述是错误的，因而是正确答案。

5. Of the Living Large Index, Mr. Peck's opinion is _____.

[A] that the index itself is intuitive rather than reasonable

[B] that there exists certain problem in selecting the component companies

[C] that the logic behind the index is not reasonable

[D] that the index cannot reflect the share prices exactly

5. 对于Living Large指数，Peck先生的观点为_____。

[A] 该指数是直觉意义上的，不是理性意义上的

[B] 在选择成分公司时存在一定的问题

[C] 该指数的逻辑是不合理的

[D] 该指数不能精确地反映股票价格

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。文章最后一段提到了Peck先生的观点，他对在完全不同类的产业中选取一些公司组成一个指数来监管一种现象有一些意见，因此选项B是正确的。选项A，原文的意思应该是Peck先生在直觉上感到该指数是合理的，而不是说该指数是直觉意义上的。





参考译文


当日子变得紧巴巴的时候，拥有大笔可支配收入的人们倾向于继续花钱，而我们其他人就不得不捂紧腰包了。发现这一点后，花旗银行的美国首席资产策略师Tobias Levkovich发明了Living Large指数，该指数由专为富裕顾客提供的商业股票组成。他称，即使受到糟糕的经济情况的影响，奢侈品制造商、高端商品零售商以及旅游和娱乐公司的利润和股票价格也应该能维持下去。

这个指数是个新发明，但后来的实验表明，用该指数的成分证券建立证券组合是个长期策略，远比模仿标准普尔500指数更为有利。如果1995年底将100美元投资于Living Large，那么到次年10月31日就会增长到了1,013美元，而投资于标准普尔的获利仅仅是252美元。因此，投资顾问为该指数的基本原理打了高分。“从理论上来讲有一定的意义”，Vice基金的经理Charles L.Norton这样说，该基金投资于烟草制造商、博彩中心和酒类供应商。“在经济衰退时，一般来说，食物链底端的人们受损最多，而供给富人的商品相对来说损失要小得多。” Norton先生拥有一家该指数的组成证券——Wynn，这是一家赌场业主，旗下包括在澳门的一家赌场，目前澳门已经深受亚洲赌博者的欢迎。亚洲有望成为博彩业迅速发展的源头。

如果说迎合富有的美国人可以获得丰厚的利润，那么迎合全球的富人也是一样。随着经济的发展，富人的数量迅猛增加，他们和美国人一样有着奢侈的品位。“对于许多奢侈品零售商来说，下一个大的前沿阵地就是新崛起的国家，这些国家发展迅速，富人数量增长迅猛。” Baron资产基金经理Andrew Peck说道。“像中国和印度这样的国家的市场里有的是机会，在那里每天都有百万富翁诞生。”他希望Wynn和Tiffany可以从这些机会中获利，另一家不属于Levkovich的指数的零售商——Polo Ralph Lauren也是如此。

Al Frank资产管理公司的首席投资官John Buckingham最近推荐了Nordstrom和Callaway Golf。他认为，如果经济和证券市场的疲软状态不变的话，依靠它们和其他Living Large证券来保值是有风险的。它们大部分的销售额来自所谓的渴望购买者，这些人希望今后某一天可以变得富有，但目前还不是这样。已经富有的人们有能力购买游艇以及一线品牌的商品，但是如果经济不景气，那些将来可能的富有人群就不会再去购买这些商品了。他提到该指数下的一些公司，特别是Coach、Tiffany和Nordstrom最近公布的收入比分析家们预计的要少，这主要是因为“渴望购买者的消费减少了”。

Peck先生质疑针对从完全不同类的产业中选取一些公司组成的一个指数，并以此监控某一现象。他认为，这些证券的价格是由多种因素决定的，而不单单是因为其产品和服务受到富有消费者的青睐。但是，该指数“对我来说在直觉上仍旧是有道理的，”他这样说，“随着华尔街收入的增加以及重要税收的削减，富人们变得更加富有了，他们会一直有能力购买奢侈品。”





TEXT TWO


Here is a plea to save the English parish church, still standing after the convulsions of the Reformation, the English civil war and social alteration. Roy Strong would like to see the churches preserved, just as he strove to preserve English country houses and country gardens while he was director of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London in the 1970s.

Early worship by Christians was deeply spiritual, ritualistic and physical. Images of saints adorned the walls of the church, where parishioners came for all the sacraments that represented the life cycle of ordinary people. Feast days and saints' days were many, the congregation stood during services, coming and going, talking and kneeling. The building boom of elaborately beautiful churches reached its height in the 14th and 15th centuries.

The Reformation began in the 1530s, but lasted way beyond Thomas Cromwell's dissolution of the monasteries, with the government of evangelical Edward VI continuing the work of stripping the churches and banning ritual. Worshippers were ordered to cease their devotions to images or relics, or “kissing or licking the same”. What the parishioner lost was enormous. The church was the meeting place for the community as well as a place of worship. Churchgoers were left to stare at a whitewashed wall, or an empty niche where a statue of the Virgin once stood. People were forced to give up religious ceremonies practised for 1,000 years. It is surprising how little rebellion there was.

Yet these upheavals were nothing, Sir Roy claims, in comparison to the puritanical purges of the civil war, during the mid-1600s, which devastated not only the fabric of the church but also the social communion of the congregation. Moreover, the loss of income, particularly from banning the making and selling of church ales, meant that the buildings started to crumble. The book's illustrations show churches stripped bare and others in which the gaudy tombs of the elite have replaced images of saints. A reusable coffin from the civil-war period (shown above) is an unfortunate early sign of recycling.

The Georgian era was not just a peaceful one for the church, but also an apparently lackadaisical one. Churches were restored and “exuded the light and clarity of the age of Enlightenment”. Most welcome of all, there was a return to music, introduced gently, so as not to bear the faintest whiff of popery. The aristocracy ran the parish church, their tenant farmers and workers making up the congregation. Plaques and family pews proliferated; the gentry even had their own fireplaces in some churches. They nearly always grabbed the job of clergyman for their sons. One historian called it “the age of negligence”, as the clergy distanced themselves from the congregation and absented themselves from their pastoral ministry.

Sir Roy ends with the church facing an uncertain future in the 21st century. He does indeed cover the whole story in a relatively “little” book. For his account of the Reformation, he draws from Eamon Duffy's The Stripping of the Altars (Yale, 1992). And this is ideal further reading for those keen to find out more.

1. The book mentioned in this passage is most probably _____.

[A] a plea to save the English parish church

[B] on the ups and downs of the English parish church

[C] about the change of design and style of the English parish church

[D] on the history of the English parish church since the beginning of Christianity

2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the Reformation?

[A] The Reformation was not ended until Thomas Cromwell's dissolution of the monasteries.

[B] The government of Edward VI was not against the Reformation.

[C] The Reformation was carried out so as to banish the religious belief.

[D] The Reformation was causing less damage than the civil war to the church.

3. The puritanical purges in civil war are different from the Reformation in affecting the church in the following aspects except _____.

[A] destroying the social communion of the church

[B] cutting off the earnings of the church

[C] devastating the buildings

[D] banning the sale of church ales

4. The Georgian era was called by one historian as “the age of negligence” because _____.

[A] the aristocracy neglected the presence of the clergy

[B] the clergy did not function their duty

[C] the churches were neglected by the Reforma-tion

[D] the aristocracy disregarded the original cere-monies

5. In the last sentence of this passage, “this” refers to _____.

[A] The Stripping of the Altars

[B] Sir Roy's “little” book

[C] Sir Roy's account of the Reformation

[D] the history of the parish church





文章剖析


这篇文章介绍了Roy Strong关于英国教区教堂的一本书。第一段以介绍Roy Strong希望保存教区教堂来引出他写的书；第二段介绍书中所写的教堂早期的情形；第三段讲述宗教改革对教堂的破坏；第四段讲述内战期间清教徒清肃运动对教堂的影响；第五段讲述乔治王时期教堂的情况；第六段讲述该书的结尾。





词汇注释


convulsion n. 动乱

parishioner n. 教区居民

sacrament n. 圣礼

congregation n. 集合人

evangelical adj. 新教派的

purge n. 清肃

ale n. 麦酒

gaudy adj. 浮华的

lackadaisical adj. 没有生气的

popery n. 天主教

pew n. 教堂内的靠背长凳

gentry n. 贵族





难句突破


① The Reformation began in the 1530s, but lasted way beyond Thomas Cromwell's dissolution of the monasteries, with the government of evangelical Edward VI continuing the work of stripping the churches and banning ritual.

主体句式：The Reformation began..., but lasted...

结构分析：这是一个简单句，有两个并列的谓语，后面的with...是伴随状语。

句子译文：宗教改革于16世纪30年代开始，到克伦威尔解散了修道院后还一直延续，后来新教派的爱德华六世政府继续拆除教堂、禁止宗教仪式。

② Yet these upheavals were nothing, Sir Roy claims, in comparison to the puritanical purges of the civil war, during the mid-1600s, which devastated not only the fabric of the church but also the social communion of the congregation.

主体句式：Yet these upheavals were nothing, Sir Roy claims, ...

结构分析：这是一个复合句，in comparison to...是句子的状语；during the...是修饰the civil war的；which引导的定语从句是修饰the puritanical purges的。

句子译文：但是比起17世纪中叶内战期间的清教徒清肃运动来，这些都算不了什么。清教徒清肃运动不仅毁坏了教堂，而且摧毁了圣会的社会团体。





题目分析


1. The book mentioned in this passage is most probably _____.

[A] a plea to save the English parish church

[B] on the ups and downs of the English parish church

[C] about the change of design and style of the English parish church

[D] on the history of the English parish church since the beginning of Christianity

1. 文章中提到的这本书最有可能是 _____。

[A] 拯救英国教区教堂的请愿书

[B] 关于英国教区教堂的兴衰

[C] 关于英国教区教堂的设计和风格的变化

[D] 关于从基督教早期开始的英国教区教堂的历史

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：主旨题。本篇文章其实就是对这本书内容的一个简略概括，主要讲述了英国教区教堂兴衰的历史；而文章第一段开头就提出的这是拯救英国教区教堂的请愿书，其实是对该书一个方面的概括，并不是书的全部内容，也可以看作是一个比喻，因此选项A错误，而选项B最为符合题意。

2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the Reformation?

[A] The Reformation was not ended until Thomas Crom-well's dissolution of the monasteries.

[B] The government of Edward VI was not against the Reformation.

[C] The Reformation was carried out so as to banish the religious belief.

[D] The Reformation was causing less damage than the civil war to the church.

2. 关于宗教改革，下列哪个陈述是正确的？

[A] 宗教改革直到克伦威尔解散了修道院之后才结束。

[B] 爱德华六世的政府不反对宗教改革。

[C] 进行宗教改革是为了消除宗教信仰。

[D] 宗教改革对教堂造成的损失比起内战来要少一些。

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。选项A，由文章第三段可以看出，宗教改革是一直延续到爱德华六世时期的。选项B，第三段提到了爱德华六世继续拆除教堂、禁止宗教仪式，他的政府继续实施了宗教改革，该陈述正确。选项C，从文章可以看出，宗教改革并不是要消除信仰，而是要改变宗教的一些仪式。选项D，第四段提到，宗教改革相对于内战期间的清教徒清肃运动来说不算什么，但是这不是内战引起的，而是具体的宗教活动引起的。因此，只有选项B是正确答案。

3. The puritanical purges in civil war are different from the Reformation in affecting the church in the following aspects except _____.

[A] destroying the social communion of the church

[B] cutting off the earnings of the church

[C] devastating the buildings

[D] banning the sale of church ales

3. 内战期间的清教徒清肃运动和宗教改革对教堂的影响的不同之处是除了_____以外的选项。

[A] 损坏了教堂的社会团体

[B] 切断了教堂的收入来源

[C] 损坏了建筑物

[D] 禁止教堂出售麦酒

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：细节题。从第四段可以看出，内战期间的清教徒清肃运动对教堂更是实质性的损坏，而宗教改革更注重形式上的破坏。选项A、B和D的内容都在第四段中提到了，C的内容宗教改革也有。因此，答案为C。

4. The Georgian era was called by one historian as “the age of negligence” because _____.

[A] the aristocracy neglected the presence of the clergy

[B] the clergy did not function their duty

[C] the churches were neglected by the Reformation

[D] the aristocracy disregarded the original ceremonies

4. 乔治王时代被一位历史学家称作“失职时代”，是因为 _____。

[A] 贵族忽视了牧师的存在

[B] 牧师没有履行自己的职责

[C] 教堂被宗教改革忽略了

[D] 贵族忽略了原来的仪式

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。第五段提到，贵族自己组成圣会，还让自己的儿子担任牧师。一位历史学家将这段时期称为“失职时代”，后文对此作了解释，因为牧师们远离了圣会。关键要注意negligence这个词有许多意思，而这里主要指牧师没有履行职责，因此选项B为正确答案。

5. In the last sentence of this passage, “this” refers to _____.

[A] The Stripping of the Altars

[B] Sir Roy's “little” book

[C] Sir Roy's account of the Reformation

[D] the history of the parish church

5. 在文章的最后一句中，“这个”指的是 _____。

[A] 《圣坛的脱落》

[B] Roy爵士的“小”书

[C] Roy爵士对于宗教改革的描述

[D] 教会教堂的历史

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆

分析：推理题。文章的最后一句是：“他对于宗教改革的描述引用自Eamon Duffy的《圣坛的脱落》（耶鲁大学，1992），如果有人希望了解得更多，这本书是理想的作品。”那么可以看出，这里说的是，如果读者希望了解更多的关于宗教改革的情况，可以看这本书，也就是《圣坛的脱落》。





参考译文


这是一个拯救英国教区教堂的请求，这些教堂虽然经历了宗教改革、英国内战和社会变革的洗礼，但仍然屹立如初。Roy Strong希望看到这些教堂能够保存下来，就像他在20世纪70年代担任伦敦维多利亚和艾伯特博物馆馆长时，努力保护了乡村住宅和乡村花园一样。

基督徒早期的敬拜是精神层面上的，注重仪式又是有形的。教堂的墙壁上装饰有圣人的画像，教区居民在这里参加所有代表普通人生命轮回的圣礼。有许多宗教节日和圣徒节，参加集会的人们在仪式中站着，来来回回地走动，或谈话，或下跪。这种建造精美教堂的热情在14世纪和15世纪达到了极盛。

宗教改革于16世纪30年代开始，到克伦威尔解散了修道院后还一直延续，后来新教派的爱德华六世政府继续拆除教堂、禁止宗教仪式。明令禁止教徒对画像或遗迹表达宗教热情，也不允许“亲吻或舔舐类似的物品”。教区居民的损失是巨大的。教堂是社团的集会地，也是做礼拜的地方。但此后，人们只能面对着刷白的墙壁或空空的壁龛做礼拜，那里原来竖立着圣母玛丽亚的塑像。人们被迫放弃了已经进行了1000年的宗教仪式。奇怪的是，几乎没有什么反抗。