句子译文：“电子青蛙”是一种很受欢迎的程序，自1月份以来大约有1,500个青蛙样品供下载，现在有2,000所学校在使用。学生们只需用鼠标点击就可以加上或切除这种两栖动物的器官。





题目分析


1. The word “swap” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means _____.

[A] exchange

[B] throw away

[C] reject

[D] refuse

1. swap（第一段第三行）这个词最有可能的意思是 _____。

[A] 交换

[B] 抛弃

[C] 丢弃

[D] 拒绝

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆

分析：猜词题。上文提到，有一些学生要求不做这种解剖，那么现在有许多科技替代物使得这个成为现实，就是用计算机鼠标来替代解剖刀；下文也提到了用电脑程序来代替真正的用解剖刀进行的实验。因此，正确答案为A。

2. Some students ask to be excused from the requirement of biology classes because of the following reasons except that _____.

[A] dissection consists of disgusting procedures and unpleasant smells

[B] they are entitled to reject dissection requirement given the legal regulation

[C] they are offended when fulfilling the requirement of animal dissection

[D] they insist people should treat animals more as friends instead of simply objects

2. 一些学生要求免上生物课是因为除了选项 _____ 外的以下原因。

[A] 解剖的过程很恶心且气味难闻

[B] 有相应的法律允许他们拒绝修解剖课程

[C] 他们在按要求上动物解剖课时，感觉自己受到了冒犯

[D] 他们坚持认为，人们对待动物应该更像朋友而不是物体

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：推理题。文章第一段提到，一些学生选择不做解剖实验是因为他们感到应对这种动物友好些，另外，还因为一想到青蛙的身体、闻到甲醛的味道就感到恶心。因此，答案A和D是原因，答案B并不是他们不愿意做解剖的原因，而是因为他们不愿意做才有了相关法律保护他们的这种权利。选项C包含了A和D两个选项。因此，答案为B。

3. Brian Shmaefsky's statement implies that _____.

[A] he indeed supports the students' animal protection movement

[B] he thinks the animal dissection should be banned

[C] he thinks the animal dissection may not be good for students to learn biology effectively

[D] he always evaluate the teaching effect by weighing relevant factors of cost and effect

3. Brian Shaefsky的话意味着 _____。

[A] 他实际上支持学生们的保护动物的运动

[B] 他认为应当禁止解剖动物

[C] 他认为动物解剖不一定有利于学生有效地学习生物

[D] 他总是通过衡量相关的成本及产出等因素来评估教学效果

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。Brian Shmaefsky的话分为两部分：解剖总是黏糊糊的，比较讨厌；老师应该衡量一下，学生如果感觉受到了冒犯，甚至影响到了学习效果，那就得不偿失了。前半句也是为后面的服务，又根据他是国家生物教师协会的成员可见，他觉得这种解剖有时会妨碍学生学习。选项C符合题意。选项D并不是他想要表达的意思；选项B，他并没有表示出这一点来；而选项A在文章中没有得到明确的体现。

4. Compared with the real dissection, the dissection on computer has the following advantages except that _____.

[A] it has authentic sound effect like a “slish” or “shwoosh”

[B] there is a sensation of always dealing with fresh and recognizable organs

[C] the process can be repeated so that students can gather better insight of the animal structure

[D] students can take quizzes with the software to evaluate the learning effect

4. 相对于真正的解剖，电脑解剖有以下的优点，但 _____ 除外。

[A] 它有真实的声音效果，如发出“嘶”或“嗤”的声音

[B] 软件给人的感觉是，这些动物器官都是新鲜的，且易于辨认

[C] 解剖过程可以重复，以便于学生们更加深入地了解动物的结构

[D] 学生可以用软件中的一些测验来评估他们的学习效果

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。题目要求找出电脑解剖相对于传统解剖的优点所在，选项A是电脑模仿实际解剖的声音效果，而这种声音本身在实际解剖中也有，因此只是一种模仿，并不是电脑的高超之处。B，文章第六段提到，动物的器官都是干瘪皱缩、没有颜色的。你找不到想要找的东西，因为动物被杀死后，身体的各个部分变化很大。但是在电脑屏幕上，身体的每一层都可以电子式地剥下来。C，文章第六段也提到，解剖的过程可以重复，这样学生就可以复习。D在第五段中提到。因此，答案为A。

5. The author's attitude towards the toad tech can be said to be _____.

[A] supportive

[B] doubtful

[C] objective

[D] biased

5. 作者对于这种解剖科技的态度可以说是 _____。

[A] 支持的

[B] 怀疑的

[C] 客观的

[D] 有偏见的

答案：A　难度系数：☆

分析：态度题。在这篇文章中，作者介绍了生物课上解剖实验的替代物——电脑解剖程序，虽然在文章最后一段作者也提到了这种替代物的局限性，但是从整篇文章来看，作者对此都是一种赞赏的态度，列举了这种方法的优点。因此，其态度是支持的，应选A。





参考译文


一直以来，所有生物学专业的学生都被要求必修动物解剖课，而经常有人希望可以免修这门课。目前，日益增多的科技替代品使得学生们可以用一个电脑鼠标来替代解剖刀。有十来个州（包括加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、新泽西州和纽约州）都有相关法律，保证学生可以不拿解剖刀就能学习动物解剖。一些选择不用解剖刀的学生认为，我们对这些脚上有蹼的朋友也应该友善一些。而还有一些人一想到青蛙有弹性的身体和甲醛的气味就感到恶心。

“解剖黏糊糊的，挺讨厌的。”国家生物学教师联合会管理委员会的委员Brian Shmaefsky承认说。“老师必须衡量一下学生感到被冒犯、甚至影响到学习这个问题。”

虚拟刀片。因此如果实体解剖黏糊糊的话，那么就该来尝试一些“蛤蟆科技”了。第一种基于电脑的解剖替代品出现在20世纪80年代，而现代的青蛙解剖软件可以在许多不同的网站上找到。这些软件程序用富有创意的点击、高性能的缩放功能以及视频短片来教授解剖。比如，“青蛙内脏”软件让学生使用鼠标就可以顺着切口线用一把虚拟解剖刀切开青蛙的皮肤。这些软件甚至还有声音效果，比如在划开青蛙肌肉时有“嘶”的一声，或是钉下皮肤组织时会发出“嗤”的一声。（现在学校要为软件的年度许可证支付约300美元，但有的组织会免费借出程序。）

今年年初，温哥华西蒙·弗雷泽大学的一名研究生设计出了第一个haptic（希腊语单词，意为“触觉”）青蛙解剖程序，这个程序用一种类似笔的工具创造出一种与切割真正的皮肉时相似的感觉。这种手持工具与电脑相连，学生可以在空中移动该工具，同时可以在电脑屏幕上观看他们操作的结果。

“电子青蛙”是一种很受欢迎的程序，自1月份以来，大约有1500个青蛙样品供下载，现在有2000所学校在使用。学生们只需用鼠标点击就可以加上或切除这种两栖动物的器官，然后还可以不时用青蛙解剖小测试来检查自己学习的效果。

“重复是有帮助的，事实上，学生可以一遍又一遍地回顾整个程序的各个部分，这是非常重要的。”美国保护动物协会动物研究事务副主任Martin Stephens这样说。“在解剖的过程中，动物的器官都是干瘪皱缩、没有颜色的。你找不到想要找的东西，因为动物被杀死后，身体的各个部分变化很大。但是在电脑屏幕上，身体的每一层都可以电子式地剥下来。”其他专家认为解剖技术有其局限性。国家科学教师协会执行理事Gerry Wheeler称，虚拟演示并不能像真正的解剖那样，提供一种丰富的经验。也有人担心，这些程序会剥夺孩子们的实践学习。





Unit 5


TEXT ONE


Boosted by booming international financial markets, the City of London has not had it so good since the end of the dotcom bonanza in the late 1990s. Basking in double-digit growth rates, London's law firms have both contributed to that success and benefited from it. The earnings of top city lawyers can now exceed ￡2m a year.

Having opted to expand and go global ahead of most others, Britain's leading law firms tend to be bigger than their American rivals. Indeed, according to a survey of the world's top 50 law firms, compiled by Legal Business, a British trade paper, five of the world's top six law firms—in terms of turnover—are now British (if DLA Piper, the result of an Anglo-American merger, is included). But they have tended to lag behind in terms of their profitability. That is now changing.

The profit margins of the city's five “magic circle” firms—Clifford Chance, Slaughter and May, Allen & Overy, Linklaters and Freshfields—have soared in recent years and are now comparable with, if not higher than, those of New York's “white shoe” elite. Slaughter and May, the only one of the five not to have gone global, has the joint second-highest profit margin among the top 50.

Not so long ago, a London surgeon could expect to earn as much as a city lawyer. But even the recent big rises in hospital consultants' earnings pall in comparison with those enjoyed by London lawyers. At Slaughter and May, for example, average profits per equity partner (PEP) jumped by almost a third (in dollar terms) last year to $2.75m—more than at any other of the top 50 law firms bar two in New York where PEP averaged $2.8m and $3.0m respectively. Some senior partners get a lot more of course.

Competition for the best lawyers is fierce and poaching frequent. Hence the need to keep headline PEP figures up—even at the cost of getting rid of equity partners, leaving a bigger share of the bounty for the remaining ones. Freshfields is in the process of shedding around 100 of its equity partners. Other leading firms are also undertaking painful restructuring.

Newly qualified lawyers' salaries have also been shooting up in the search for the best talent. Both Freshfields and Allen & Overy now pay their first-year associates ￡65,000, rising to around ￡90,000 after three years. (First-year associates at America's top law firms get the equivalent of ￡80,000.)

But, as many other top-rank city employers have discovered, big earnings do not necessarily guarantee big satisfaction. According to a YouGov poll, published by the Lawyer earlier this month, a quarter of Britain's lawyers (including a fifth of law-firm partners) would like to leave the profession. The disgruntled complained about cripplingly long hours, intense competition and the impersonality of the biggest firms (some with more than 3,000 lawyers). So why don't they quit? Because, say three-quarters, of the pay.

1. Which one of the following is TRUE of the status quo of London's economy?

[A] London is enjoying its best time of economic development since the 1990s.

[B] The growth rate of London's economy is doubled since the beginning of the 1990s.

[C] The growth rate started to boost since the end of the dotcom era.

[D] The current economy of London is mostly driven by its legal instead of financial market.

2. The world's top 50 law firms are graded according to _____.

[A] their annual margin

[B] their profitability

[C] their sale volume

[D] their quantity of business

3. The phrase “white shoe” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means _____.

[A] white collars

[B] first-class law firms

[C] financial agencies

[D] international banks

4. In order to be competitive, the law firms take the following measures except _____.

[A] dismissing equity partners

[B] carrying out restructuring

[C] having their best lawyers turn more competitive

[D] raising salaries for recruiting talents

5. From the YouGov poll, it can be inferred that _____.

[A] this profession is far from satisfactory

[B] most lawyers will leave the profession sooner or later

[C] most lawyers are satisfied with the profession because of the fat pay

[D] high salary is always contradictory to big satisfaction





文章剖析


这篇文章介绍了英国伦敦律师事务所的现状。第一段讲述因为伦敦经济增长迅速，律师业也受益匪浅；第二段和第三段讲述伦敦律师事务所在世界上的排名；第四段讲述伦敦律师事务所的律师的工资待遇；第五段和第六段讲述律师事务所的竞争手段；第七段讲述律师们对该行业的满意度。





词汇注释


bonanza n. 富矿带；带来好运之事，幸运

bask vi. 晒太阳（享受温暖），感到温暖、愉快或舒适

turnover n. 营业额

pall vt. 覆盖；使平淡无味

bounty n. 奖金，补助金

disgruntled adj. 不高兴的，不满意的

cripplingly adv. 临界地，极限地





难句突破


① Indeed, according to a survey of the world's top 50 law firms, compiled by Legal Business, a British trade paper, five of the world's top six law firms—in terms of turnover—are now British (if DLA Piper, the result of an Anglo-American merger, is included).

主体句式：...five of the world's top six law firms... are now British.

结构分析：这是一个简单句。前面according to引导的是状语，状语中的compile by...作前面a survey的定语，而a British trade paper是Legal Business的同位语。

句子译文：实际上，根据英国商业报纸《法律界》的一项针对世界领先的50家律师事务所的调查，世界排名前六位的律师事务所（按营业额计算）中，有五家是英国的事务所（如果算上英美合资的DLA Piper事务所）。

② At Slaughter and May, for example, average profits per equity partner (PEP) jumped by almost a third (in dollar terms) last year to $2.75m—more than at any other of the top 50 law firms bar two in New York where PEP averaged $2.8m and $3.0m respectively.

主体句式：...average profits per equity partner (PEP) jumped by almost a third...

结构分析：这是一个简单句，破折号后面的部分是前面$2.75m的定语。

句子译文：比如在Slaughter and May, 去年人均合股利润（PEP）达到了275万美元，涨幅为近1/3（以美元计算），这比任何全球前50名律师事务所或纽约的律师界工资都要高，其人均合股利润分别为280万美元和300万美元。





题目分析


1. Which one of the following is TRUE of the status quo of London's economy?

[A] London is enjoying its best time of economic develop-ment since the 1990s.

[B] The growth rate of London's economy is doubled since the beginning of the 1990s.

[C] The growth rate started to boost since the end of the dotcom era.

[D] The current economy of London is mostly driven by its legal instead of financial market.

1. 下列哪一个是关于伦敦经济现状的正确表述？

[A] 伦敦现在正处在其经济自20世纪90年代末以来最好的时候。

[B] 自20世纪90年代初以来，伦敦的经济增长率翻倍了。

[C] 伦敦经济从网络繁荣时期结束的时候开始兴盛。

[D] 伦敦现在经济的繁荣主要是由其司法市场，而不是由金融市场驱动的。

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆☆

分析：细节题。解这道题的关键要看对于文章第一句话的理解：Boosted by booming international financial markets, the City of London has not had it so good since the end of the dotcom bonanza in the late 1990s. have it good是一个短语，意思为“过得优裕”，那么这句话的意思就是“伦敦在20世纪90年代末享受过一段经济很好的时期后，其经济一直到现在才又开始变得很好”。选项A最为符合该句的意思，是正确答案。选项C的时间不正确，而选项D则是无中生有。

2. The world's top 50 law firms are graded according to _____.

[A] their annual margin

[B] their profitability

[C] their sale volume

[D] their quantity of business

2. 世界前50强律师事务所是依据 _____ 来排序的。

[A] 它们的年利润

[B] 它们的收益率

[C] 它们的销售额

[D] 它们的业务量

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。文章第二段提到：five of the world's top six law firms—in terms of turnover，由此可以看出是以turnover（营业额）来评定的。如果不知道turnover的意思，也可以用排除法来选择。因为第二段还提到，要是用收益率来衡量，那么它们的排名就不会那么靠前了，因此A和B可以排除。D中的业务量原文中并没有提及。因此可以猜出C可能是正确选项。

3. The phrase “white shoe” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means _____.

[A] white collars

[B] first-class law firms

[C] financial agencies

[D] international banks

3. “白鞋子”这个短语（第三段第三行） 最有可能的意思是_____。

[A] 白领

[B] 一流的律师事务所

[C] 金融机构

[D] 国际银行

答案：B　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：猜词题。根据上下文，文章主要谈论的都是有关律师事务所的事情，并没有涉及其他的行业，因此可以推测这里应该指的是美国相应业界的同行，这样才有可比性，那么选项中的B最为符合题意。

4. In order to be competitive, the law firms take the following measures except _____.

[A] dismissing equity partners

[B] carrying out restructuring

[C] having their best lawyers turn more competitive

[D] raising salaries for recruiting talents

4. 为了让自己更有竞争力，律师事务所采取了以下除选项 _____ 外的措施。

[A] 解雇合股人

[B] 实行重组

[C] 让其最好的律师变得更加有竞争力

[D] 提高工资以吸引更多的人才

答案：C　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：细节题。与题干相关的内容在文章第五段和第六段有所提及。第五段提到，各律师事务所为了争夺最优秀的律师，采取了许多措施，甚至都要解雇合股人，这样就可以将比较大的利润留给剩下的人分配，从而保证顶尖律师的利润，有的还进行重组。而第六段提到，为了找到最好的人才，还不惜提高新律师的工资。因此，选项中的C是没有提到的。

5. From the YouGov poll, it can be inferred that _____.

[A] this profession is far from satisfactory

[B] most lawyers will leave the profession sooner or later

[C] most lawyers are satisfied with the profession because of the fat pay

[D] high salary is always contradictory to big satisfaction

5. 从YouGov的民意调查结果可以看出 _____。

[A] 这个职业让人很不满意

[B] 大多数律师迟早都会离开这个职业

[C] 大多数律师对这个职业感到满意是因为收入高

[D] 高工资和满意度总是相对立的

答案：A　难度系数：☆☆☆

分析：推理题。从文章最后一段可以看出，该民意调查中有1/4的律师表明想要离开这个行业，因为有种种不尽如人意的地方；但还有3/4不会离开，就是因为其提供的高工资。因此可以看出，律师这个行业并不让人满意，吸引人的只是高收入而已。A反映了这一点。选项B不符合文章最后一段的意思，因为大多数律师都表示不会离开这个行业；D，律师行业的这个调查不能反映所有行业的情况，所以D的表述过于绝对。因此，答案为A。





参考译文


虽然受到快速发展的国际金融市场的推动，伦敦自20世纪90年代末，网络的发展开始衰退之后再也没有享受过原来的好日子。伦敦的法律行业一直享受着两位数的业绩增长速度，既为经济的发展贡献了自己的力量，又受益于经济的增长。目前，伦敦市一流律师的年薪超过了200万英镑。

英国顶尖的律师事务所选择了不断扩张，走在世界前列，目前其规模大于美国的同类事务所。实际上，根据英国商业报纸《法律界》的一项针对世界50家领先的律师事务所的调查，世界排名前六位的律师事务所（按营业额计算）中，有五家是英国的事务所（如果算上英美合资的DLA Piper事务所）。但是就赢利能力来讲，他们却落后了。不过目前这种情况正在改变。