译文 这种在发展中国家显得尤为突出的观点被一种广泛持有的信念所加强,即并非和平利用核能正危害着人类的生存。
2. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers, for, as the rhyme goes, "Change the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better."
第一层： No girl 主 should marry 谓 a man 宾 whose last name has the same initial as hers , 定语从句 for, as the rhyme goes, "Change 状语从句 the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better."
第二层： (定语从句) whose 引 last name 主 has 谓 the same initial 宾 as hers 定
(状语从句) for, 引 as the rhyme goes, 状 "Change 谓 the name 宾 but 连 not the letter, 宾 marry 谓 for worse instead of better." 状
要点 这是个主从复合句。for是连接词,引导状语从句。as the rhyme goes是插入语,插在for和它引导的从句之间,造成for和它引导的从句的分离,翻译时,可译成一个主谓结构。
译文 姑娘不该嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相同的人,因为正如一首童谣所说：改姓不改首字母,婚后必将受其苦。
3. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.
要点 否定词nor放在句首时,主谓倒装。is放到了主语management前。同时,if引导的条件状语从句置于nor与句子的其他成分之间,造成了句子的割裂状态。条件状语从句中as desirable... as the writing...可视为同级比较结构。句中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词thinkers,可采用合译的方法翻译。be blamed for为固定短语,意为"因…而受指责"。in favor of ...在句中做状语。
译文 假如像学术论文反映的那样,科学家们期望看到与某种标准模式符合的规律性和一致性。那么,如果管理者们歧视研究者中的"怪杰",而喜欢善于合作的较常规思维的人,这也是无可指责的。
4. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
要点 本句中as perhaps Kelsey will...引导的方式状语从句放到了主句的谓语动词discovered与that引导的宾语从句之间,从而造成动宾之间的分割。as引导的从句中省略了谓语动词discover,是为了避免重复。宾语从句中主语为"abandoning...and making..."并列的动名词短语；谓语为"bring sth with sth"结构,只是因宾语过长,而把with短语提前了。
译文 我发觉,放弃那种"日夜操劳的生活"信念而选择"放慢生活的节奏"会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后,从惹人注目的《女性》杂志编辑部退出之后,恐怕她也将与我有同样的感觉。
5. Such an outcome, if it happens, could cause a political controversy; or it could lead to more power being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances, namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.
要点 这是个复合句。条件从句因为太短,置于主句的主谓之间,造成句子割裂,翻译时应将从句提到句首。namely when the...unpopular是一个状语从句,用来解释the worst possible circumstances。the EU: the European Union,欧盟。
译文 这种结果一旦产生,就可能引起政治上的争吵；在最糟糕的情况下,即在欧盟很不得人心的时候,也可能使更多的权利落到欧盟手中。
6. That fact, let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four, led by Britain, that have not joined, is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity, with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.
要点 句子的主干结构是That fact... is likely to mean that...。with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things是"with +复合结构"形式,表示伴随状态。短语let alone...not joined置于主谓之间,造成句子割裂,翻译时应将其还原,放在最后。分词短语led by Britain和定语从句that have not joined都修饰the four。euro:欧元。multi-:前缀,表示"多…的",如mutilateral,多边的：multiple,多个的。
译文 这一事实可能意味着欧盟将成为一个多体系的实体,其中一些国家对每一件事都表示赞同,而另一些则不尽然；更不用说以英国为首的尚未加入欧洲统一货币体系的四国和已经 加入这一体系的十一个欧元国家之间目前已存在的分歧了。
7. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
要点 该句的主干结构是This trend began during the Second World War, when...。when引导定语从句,修饰the Second World War。that the specific...detail是conclusion的同位语从句,在该从句中,主语是 the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make是 demands的定语从句。该定语从句放在其先行词 demands和 of介词短语之间,造成句子的割裂。翻译时,可把被割裂的部分还原。
译文 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出这样的结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
8. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.
要点 整个of短语作observations的定语,相当于Observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made。因为定语太长,所以将其置于动词之后,以避免句子头重脚轻。这样就造成了句子的割裂,翻译时应将被割裂的部分还原。preschool:学前的。
译文 人们对孩子们在学前班和小学一年级开始时和结束时的情况都曾进行过观察。
9. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
要点 这是一个简单句。Whether to...situation是本句的主语,depends是谓语动词,两个"upon"后面是宾语。availability在句中是指"测试和信息容易得到或找到"。therefore是副词,插在depends 和upon...之间,造成它们在结构上的割裂。翻译时,可把therefore提到句首。
译文 因此,究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息,或是在某一特定情况下两者并用,须凭从有关相对效度的经验中得出的证据而定,也取决于诸如费用和有无采用的可能性等因素。
10. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "having it all", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
要点 该句的主干结构是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "having it all"...into a woman...。preached by...magazine是过去分词短语,作the philosophy of "having it all"的定语,插在from...into之中,造成了句子的割裂。翻译时,可把分词短语译成一个分句,其他照原文顺序翻译。
译文 我从一个"全力以赴"的生活哲学--在过去七年里林达·凯尔西一直在《女性》杂志鼓吹这种生活方式--的积极倡导者,一改而成为随遇而安的女人。
第四章 省略
英国大文豪莎士比亚在他的名著《哈姆雷特》里写过这么一句名言：Brevity is the soul of wit.(言以简洁为贵。)写文章也好,说话也好,都要求生动活泼,简单明了,因此,"简洁"乃是一篇好文章的基本要求之一。
文章要做到简洁,省略法(Ellipsis)是必用的。
英语句子中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明确的信息而不必出现,或前面已出现的某些成分,为了避免不必要的重复,可以不再出现而不致引起误解或歧义,这种语言现象就叫作省略。例如：Glad to see you. 这是个简单句,主语I和谓语am可以省略。再如：London is on the Themes, and Paris on the Seine. 这是一个并列复合句,后半句省略了谓语动词is,因为前面已经出现过,后面不必重复。英译汉时,为了使译文明确达意,符合汉语习惯,要在正确理解原文的基础上,对原文中省略的部分或保留或补全,或对其进行灵活处理。
有人将英语句子中的省略现象归纳为21种,本章只涉及在英语阅读中常遇到的比较复杂的省略现象。
1. The transcription needs a certain amount of editing, as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right, it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.
第一层： The transcription 主 needs 谓 a certain amount of 定 editing, 宾 as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar 状语从句
sounds such as write and right, it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.
第二层： (状语从句) as 引 even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right , 状语从句1 it 主 is 系 still not yet 状 able 表 to do the work 宾 as well as an inte- lligent secretary . 状语从句2
第三层： (状语从句1) even if 引 the computer 主 can tell 谓 the difference 宾 between words of similar sounds 定 such as write and right 同位语
(状语从句2) as well as 引 an intelligent secretary 主
要点 本句中as引导原因状语从句,其中该句还带有一个由"even if"引导的让步状语从句；介词短语"between words of similar sounds"修饰"difference","such as write and right"修饰"words","as well as..."为同等比较状语从句,其中省略了与主句相同的部分。intelligent:有才智的；理解力强的。
译文 译稿需要一定量的编辑工作,因为,即使计算机能够区别同音异义词,如 write和right,它仍不可能把这项工作做得像有思维能力的秘书那样好。
